Sadaqah aur Zakat ka Farq

Sadaqah aur Zakat ka Farq – Ek Tafseeli Jaiza

Sadaqah aur Zakat dono hi Islam me mali ibadat hain, jo gareebon aur zarooratmandon ki madad ke liye di jati hain. Lekin in dono me kaafi farq hai jo samajhna zaroori hai. Is post me hum in dono ka mukammal muqabla karenge aur unke asal maqsad, shara’it aur fazail ko samjhenge.

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Sadaqah Kya Hai?

Sadaqah Arabic word "صَدَقَ" se nikla hai, jiska matlab hai "sachai" ya "khoobsoorti se diya gaya maal". Islam me har wo cheez jo Allah ki raza ke liye di jaye, wo sadaqah kehlati hai. Ye farz nahi hai, balki ek nafal nek amal hai, jo koi bhi Muslim apni haisiyat ke mutabiq de sakta hai.

Sadaqah ki Qisam

1. Sadaqah Wajibah (Jo dena zaroori hai)

   • Sadaqah Fitr (Eid-ul-Fitr ke din diya jata hai)
   • Kaffara (Roza, qasam ya kisi gunaah ka kaffara)
   • Nazar (Agar Allah ke liye koi cheez maani ho to usko poora karna)
   • Fidya (Roza ya namaz ki qaza ke badle diya jane wala maal)

2. Sadaqah Nafila (Jo ikhtiyaari hai)

   • Kisi gareeb ko bina kisi pabandi ke diya gaya maal
   • Khaana khilana, paani pilana, kapde dena, masjid ya madarsa me donate karna
   • Janwaron ko khilana, darakht lagana, ilm ka faida pohnchana

Sadaqah Ke Fazail

• Bimariyon aur Museebaton se Hifazat:
  "Sadaqah museebaton ko door karta hai aur zindagi me barkat lata hai." (Tirmizi)
• Allah ki Narazgi se Bachao:
  "Sadaqah Allah ke gussay ko bujhata hai aur buri maut se bachata hai." (Tirmizi)
• Qayamat ke din Saya:
  "Qayamat ke din har shakhs apne sadaqah ke saaye me hoga." (Musnad Ahmad)

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Zakat Kya Hai?

Zakat Islam ka farz rukun hai, jo har saahib-e-nisab musalman par laazmi hai. Quran me 82 martaba zakat ka zikr aaya hai, jo iski ahmiyat ko wazeh karta hai.

Zakat Ki Bunyadi Shara’it

1. Muslim hona
2. Sahib-e-Nisab hona (Itna maal hona jo zakat ki had se zyada ho)
3. 1 saal guzar jana (Maal par ek Islami saal pura ho)
4. Mokarrar nisab ke mutabiq zakat ada karna

Nisab (Maal ki wo Miqdar jis par Zakat Farz Hoti Hai)

• Sona: 7.5 tola (87.48 gram)
• Chandi: 52.5 tola (612.36 gram)
• Raqam ya Maal-e-Tijarat: Agar kisi ke paas itna paisa ho jo sonay ya chandi ke nisab ke barabar ho
• Maveshi aur zara'at (agriculture) par bhi zakat ke khaas ahkaam hain

Zakat ka Hisaab

• Zakat ki miqdar 2.5% hai, yani har 100 rupaye par 2.5 rupaye dena zaroori hai.

Zakat Kin Ko Di Ja Sakti Hai?

Quran me 8 logon ka zikr hai jo zakat ke mustahiq hain:

1. Faqeer (Jo bilkul mohtaj ho)
2. Miskeen (Jo gareeb ho magar maangta na ho)
3. Aamileen-e-Zakat (Jo zakat ikattha karte hain)
4. Naye Muslim (Jin ke dil Islam ki taraf mail kiye ja rahe hon)
5. Ghulamon ki Azaadi ke liye
6. Qarz daar (Jo qarz me doobe hon)
7. Allah ke Raaste me (Jihad, Dawat-e-Deen, Deeni Taleem waghera)
8. Musafir (Jo raste me mohtaj ho)

Zakat Na Dene Ka Nuksaan

• Quran me sakht wa'eed hai:
  "Jo log sona-chandi jama karte hain aur Allah ke raaste me kharch nahi karte, unko dardnaak azaab ki khushkhabri de do." (Surah Taubah: 34)
• Hadees me aata hai ke jo zakat nahi deta, uske maal ko saanp ki shakal me uske gale me daal diya jaye ga. (Bukhari)

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Nateeja

• Zakat har sahib-e-nisab musalman par farz hai, jabki sadaqah ikhtiyaari hai aur kabhi bhi diya ja sakta hai.
• Zakat sirf khas 8 qisam ke logon ko di ja sakti hai, jabki sadaqah kisi bhi mohtaj ko diya ja sakta hai.
• Sadaqah dene se museebatein door hoti hain, jabki zakat se maal pak aur barkat wala hota hai.

Aayiye! Hum sadaqah aur zakat ki ahmiyat ko samjhein aur in dono ko ikhlas ke saath ada karein, taake duniya aur aakhirat me kamiyabi hasil ho sake.